Cov tshuaj degreasing yog tsim los ntawm ob yam tseem ceeb, alkaline builders thiab surfactants, nyob ntawm seb hom thiab cov khoom ntawm cov roj.
Cov tshuaj Alkaline
Feem ntau siv alkaline builders muaj xws li sodium hydroxide, soda tshauv, sodium silicate, thiab sodium tripolyphosphate. Sodium hydroxide thiab dej qab zib tshauv yog cov khoom siv alkaline uas pheej yig tshaj plaws, tab sis lawv cov dej khib nyiab yog qhov nyuaj rau kev kho, thiab lawv cov alkalinity muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom ntxuav. Tsis tas li ntawd, sodium hydroxide thiab dej qab zib tshauv tsis muaj emulsifying zog thiab tsis zoo rau kev ntxuav cov roj ntxhia. Sodium silicate thiab sodium tripolyphosphate muab ob qho tib si alkalinity thiab qee lub zog emulsifying, thiab tau dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam degreasing tus neeg saib xyuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv degreasing txheej txheem rhiab rau alkali. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv sodium silicate yog tias tsis muaj pre- ntxuav nrog dej kub, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tshem tawm tag nrho cov seem sodium silicate nrog dej txias. Residual sodium silicate tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov kua qaub nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tom ntej los tsim kev ruaj khov silica gel, yog li cuam tshuam rau adhesion ntawm txheej. Sodium tripolyphosphate, ntawm qhov tod tes, ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog phosphorus kuab paug thiab kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig.
Surfactants
Surfactants yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj degreasing. Cov tshuaj degreasing thaum ntxov tau tso siab rau cov nyhuv emulsifying ntawm emulsifiers, xws li fatty cawv polyoxyethylene ethers (AEO) series thiab alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (TX, NP) series. Kev siv ntau dhau ntawm cov emulsifiers tuaj yeem emulsify thiab solubilize cov roj detached nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm tov, ua rau ib tug maj mam txo nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem lub degreasing muaj peev xwm thiab yuav tsum tau ib tug nquag ua hauj lwm tov hloov.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog tus nqi nce ntawm surfactants, muaj qhov xav tau nce ntxiv kom txo cov nyiaj surfactant siv thaum nce tus nqi degreasing. Qhov no yuav tsum tau degreasing cov neeg ua haujlwm kom muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws dispersing thiab los tiv thaiv- cov khoom pov thawj thib ob, tshem tawm cov roj tawm ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj emulsifying los yog saponifying hauv cov tshuaj, tab sis tsuas yog ntab saum npoo kom muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj da dej thiab muaj peev xwm degreasing tas li.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, surfactants haum rau degreasing feem ntau cov khoom nonionic. Cov khoom no feem ntau kim dua. Txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj degreasing, cov khoom anionic tseem yuav tshwm sim hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj degreasing. Tshwj xeeb, anionic surfactants uas tseem muaj cov khoom nonionic, xws li fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate sulfonates (FMES), muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo "dispersion thiab encapsulation", uas pab tshem tawm cov roj los ntawm tsis yog -emulsification.
